Introduction to Java

• What is Java?
• History and Features of Java
• C++ vs. Java
• Hello Java Program
• Internal How to set the path?
• JDK, JRE, and JVM (Java Virtual Machine)
• JVM Memory Managemen
• Internal Details of JVM

Conditional Statements and Control Statements

• If Statement
• If-elseif-else Statement
• Switch Statement
• For Loop
• For-each Loop
• While Loop
• Do-while Loop
• Control Statements

Data Types and Operators

• Variables , declaring multiple variables identifiers.
• Data Types in Java(Primitive and Non-Primitive)
• Type Casting
• Operators in java
• Java Input and Output
• Java Expressions and Blocks

File Handling

• File class basics
• Reading and writing with FileReader/FileWriter
• BufferedReader/BufferedWriter for efficiency
• FileInputStream/FileOutputStream (for binary files)
• Serialization/Deserialization
• File filters (like file extension filters)
• Directories (creating, deleting, etc.)
• RandomAccessFile (for reading/writing at specific positions)
• NIO package (Non-blocking I/O for more advanced stuff)

Exceptions Handling

• Exception hierarchy
• try, catch, and finally blocks
• throw and throws keywords
• Custom exceptions
• Multiple catch blocks
• Nested try-catch blocks
• Try-with-resources (for automatic resource management)
• Exception chaining
• Best practices in exception handling

String ,String Buffer, String Builder

• String
• Immutable String
• String Comparison, String concatenation
• String Methods
• Substring
• StringBuffer class
• StringBuilder class
• toString method
• StringTokenizer class

Arrays

• Single-dimensional arrays
• Multi-dimensional arrays (2D, 3D arrays, etc.)
• Array declaration, creation, and initialization
• Accessing and modifying array elements
• Iterating through arrays (using loops, enhanced for loop)
• Array length property
• Array sorting (using Arrays.sort())
• Copying arrays (manual copying, System.arraycopy(), Arrays.copyOf())
• Array utility methods (from java.util.Arrays class)
• Jagged arrays (arrays with rows of varying lengths)

Methods in Java

• Method declaration and definition
• Method parameters (pass-by-value)
• Method return type
• Method overloading
• Static methods vs. instance methods
• Recursion
• Varargs (variable-length argument lists)
• Access modifiers for methods (public, private, protected)
• Method calling (within the same class and across classes)
• this keyword in methods

Modifiers & Packages

• Access Modifiers
• Non-access Modifiers
• Creating and using packages
• Importing packages
• Default package
• java.lang package (automatically imported)
• Sub-packages
• Access control with packages (package-private access)
• Creating JAR files
• Static imports

Object-oriented programming

• Classes and Objects
• Encapsulation
• Abstraction
• Inheritance
• Polymorphism (compile-time and runtime)
• Constructors (default, parameterized, copy constructors)
• this and super keywords
• Method overriding
• Abstract classes and methods
• Interfaces

Exception handling

• Error and Exception
• Java Try-Catch Block.
• Java Multiple Catch Block.
• Java Nested Try.
• Throw Exception
• Creating Customized Exception

Multithreading

• Difference b/w multitasking , multiprocessing and multithreading
• DIFFERENCE B/W PROCESS AND THREAD :
• THREAD (LIFE CYCLE OF THREAD)
• CREATE THREAD USING THREAD CLASS AND RUNNABLE INTERFACE
• DIFFERENT CASES OF EXECUTING TASK :
• THREAD CLASS METHOD AND CONSTRUCTORS:
• METHODS OF THREAD CLASS :
• THREAD PRIORITES
• SLEEP METHOD
• YIELD METHOD
• JOIN METHOD:
• THREAD INTERRUPT :
• SYNCHRONIZATION :
• MULTI-THREAD INTERCOMMUNICATION (wait() , notify() , notifyAll() )

Collections

• List
• ArrayList
• LinkedList
• Vector
• HashSet
• HashMap
• Tree

JDBC

• JDBC Drivers
• Steps to connect to Database
• Connectivity with MySQL
• Types of JDBC statements: Statement, Prepared statement, Callable statement
• Database Metadata, Resultset Metadata

Collection Framework

• DEAD LOCK SITUATION :
• WRAPPER CLASSES :
• DATA STRUCTURE (OVERVIEW) :
• DIFFERENCE B/W ARRAYS AND COLLECTION :
• COLLECTION FRAMEWORK :
• DIFFERENCE B/W SET AND LIST :
• DIFFERENCE B/W ITERATOR AND LIST ITERATOR :
• Enumeration
• ARRAYLIST and LINKEDLIST
• LEGACY CLASSES : (Vector , Stack , HashTable , Properties)
• HASHSET and TREESET
• MAP , HashMap , LinkedHasMap and HashTable
• Access Modifiers

Spring Boot | Introduction

• Overview of Spring Boot and its Purpose.
• Features of Spring Boot (Auto-Configuration, Starter Dependencies).
• Comparison: Spring vs. Spring Boot.
• Understanding Spring Boot Architecture.
• Use Cases of Spring Boot in Modern Applications.

Spring Boot | Basics

• What is Spring Boot?
• Why use it (vs plain Spring Framework)?
• Using Spring Initializr
• Project structure overview
• @SpringBootApplication annotation
• Auto-configuration
• Starter dependencies
• application.properties vs application.yml
• @RestController & @RequestMapping
• Handling GET, POST, PUT, DELETE
• Spring Data JPA basics
• Connecting to a database (H2/MySQL)
• Repository layer
• Running with embedded Tomcat
• Simple unit test with @SpringBootTest

Spring Boot | Annotations

• @SpringBootApplication
• @EnableAutoConfiguration
• @ComponentScan
• @Component
• @Service
• @Repository
• @Controller / @RestController
• @Autowired
• @Qualifier
• @Primary
• @Configuration
• @Bean
• @Value (for injecting values)
• @RequestMapping , @GetMapping, @PostMapping, @PutMapping, @DeleteMapping
• @PathVariable , @RequestParam , @RequestBody
• @Entity @Id, @GeneratedValue @Table, @Column
• @SpringBootTest @Test

Spring Boot | Devtools Dependency

• What is Devtools? Why do we use it in development?
• Add in pom.xml (Maven) or build.gradle (Gradle) Auto-inclusion in Spring Initializr
• Automatic Restart ? restarts app when code changes Live Reload ? auto-refresh browser (with plugin support)

Spring Boot | Actuator

Spring Boot | With Rest Applications

• What is REST? REST principles (stateless, client-server, JSON/XML)
• Setting up project with Spring Initializr Dependencies required (spring-boot-starter-web)
• @RestController and @RequestMapping Creating simple GET API
• @GetMapping ? fetch data @PostMapping ? create data @PutMapping ? update data @DeleteMapping ? delete data
• @PathVariable @RequestParam @RequestBody Returning JSON response
• Using Spring Data JPA with REST Simple CRUD with Repository
• Using Postman / Curl to test endpoints Example GET/POST request

Spring Boot | With Logger

Sprint Boot | Deploy Spring Boot Application on External Tomcat Server

Spring Boot | Common Applications Properties(applications.properties)

• Role of application.properties file Difference between application.properties vs application.yml
• server.port ? change default port server.servlet.context-path ? set context path
• spring.datasource.url spring.datasource.username spring.datasource.password spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto (create, update, validate) spring.jpa.show-sql
• spring.profiles.active (dev, test, prod) Profile-specific properties (application-dev.properties)

Spring Boot | RESTful Web Service

Spring Boot | Swagger UI

• What is Swagger & Swagger UI? Why we use it (API documentation + testing without Postman)?
• springdoc-openapi-ui dependency in pom.xml
• Default Swagger URL (http://localhost:8080/swagger-ui.html) Auto-generated API docs (/v3/api-docs)
• @Operation (for describing endpoints) @ApiResponses / @ApiResponse (for response codes) @Parameter (for request params)
• Trying GET, POST, PUT, DELETE directly from Swagger Sending JSON request bodies

Spring Boot | API

Spring Boot | CRUD

• What is CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete)? Importance of CRUD in real-world applications
• Using Spring Initializr Dependencies ? spring-boot-starter-web, spring-boot-starter-data-jpa, Database (H2/MySQL)
• @Entity, @Id, @GeneratedValue Example: Student or Employee entity
• JpaRepository / CrudRepository Built-in methods (save, findAll, findById, deleteById)
• Writing business logic in a @Service class
• Creating REST APIs for CRUD POST ? Create GET ? Read (all + by id) PUT ? Update DELETE ? Delete
• Using H2 (in-memory DB for demo) Configuring MySQL (real-world use case)
• Using Postman / Swagger UI to test endpoints

Spring Boot | Sessions

• What is a session? Difference between session and cookie Why sessions are needed (state management in stateless HTTP)?
• Default session handling in Spring Boot (via Servlet container – Tomcat) Adding spring-boot-starter-web dependency
• Using HttpSession object Storing and retrieving attributes from session
• Default session timeout Configuring timeout in application.properties ? server.servlet.session.timeout=15m
• Login API storing user details in session Fetching session attributes in another API
• Avoid storing large objects in session Use session only for user-related state Prefer stateless JWT tokens for microservices

Spring Boot | CORS Support

Spring Boot | Custom Exception Handling

• Why handle exceptions in Spring Boot? Difference between default error response vs custom error response
• Extending RuntimeException Example: UserNotFoundException
• Handle specific exceptions inside a @RestController Returning a custom response (ResponseEntity)
• Centralized error handling for all controllers Using @ExceptionHandler inside @ControllerAdvice
• Creating a custom error model (timestamp, message, details) Returning consistent JSON error responses
• Using @ResponseStatus Mapping exceptions to correct HTTP codes (404, 400, 500)
• Build a small REST API (e.g., Student API) Throw custom exception when resource not found Show API response with proper error JSON

Hibernate | Introduction

• What is Hibernate?
• Advantages of Hibernate over JDBC
• Features of Hibernate
• Hibernate architecture and components

Hibernate | Configuration

Hibernate | Annotation

Hibernate | Basic

• Hibernate environment setup
• Hibernate configuration file (hibernate.cfg.xml)
• ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) concept
• POJO (Plain Old Java Objects) and their role in Hibernate
• First Hibernate program: Connecting Hibernate with a database

Java | Introduction to Thymeleaf

• Introduction to Thymeleaf
• Why use Thymeleaf

Thymeleaf Syntax and Expressions

Template Layouts

Displaying Data

Form Handling

Attributes

Testing Templates

• Unit testing Thymeleaf templates
• Integration testing with Spring Boot

Advanced Features

• Using JavaScript and AJAX
• Integrating libraries and frameworks
• Caching templates

GUI(Swings)

• Swing Introduction
• Java Jbutton, Java Jlabel
• Java JTextField, Java JTextArea
• Java JPasswordField, Java JCheckBox
• Java JRadioButton,Java JComboBox
• Java Jtable,Java Jlist
• Java JOptionPane,Java JScrollBar
• And more Swing Widgets